<text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">MALI</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name:</span><span class="style13"> La République du Mali (The Republic of Mali)</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">UN, OAU, ECOWAS</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">1248574 km2 (482075 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">8645000 (1993 est)</span><span class="style42">Capital: </span><span class="style13">Bamako 650000 (1987 census)</span><span class="style42">Other major cities: </span><span class="style13">Ségou 89000 (1987 census)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">French (official), Bambara (60%)</span><span class="style42">Religions: </span><span class="style13">Sunni Islam (90%), animist (9%)</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">A President is elected by universal adult suffrage for five years and the 129-member National Assembly is directly elected for three years. The President appoints a Premier and a Cabinet.</span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">The low-lying plains of Mali rise to 1155 m (3789 ft) in the Adrar des Iforas range in the northeast. The south is savannah; the Sahara Desert is in the north. </span><span class="style42">Principal river: </span><span class="style13">Niger 4200 km (2600 mi). </span><span class="style42">Climate: </span><span class="style13">Mali is hot and largely dry, although the south has a wet season from June to October.</span><span class="style42">ECONOMY</span><span class="style13">Drought in the 1970s and 1980s devastated Mali’s livestock herds. Only one fifth of Mali can be cultivated, producing mainly rice, millet and sorghum for domestic use, and cotton for export. </span><span class="style42">Currency: </span><span class="style13">CFA franc.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">Mali is named after an empire in the area (12th–14th centuries). Conquered by France (1880–95), it became the French Sudan. Mali became independent in 1960. After an army coup in 1968, military governments ruled Mali until multi-party politics were restored in 1992.</span></text>